Starred Review for Kirkus Reviews (Mon May 08 00:00:00 CDT 2023)

Humans possess culture, but so do animals according to this compelling account of three nonhuman societies: sperm whales, scarlet macaws, and chimpanzees.Nature writer, activist, TV host, and founder of the Safina Center, the author notes that animals learn from their elders how to fit in, communicate, search for food, and identify friends and strangers. This is culture, and it's not inherited. "An individual receives genes only from its parents," writes the author, "but can receive culture from anyone and everyone in the social group…and because culture improves survival, culture can lead where genes must follow and adapt." During the 1950s, Navy personnel listening for Russian submarines were astonished to hear elaborate, beautiful songs that turned out to come from whales. As a result of the bestselling recording, "whales went from being ingredients of margarine in the 1960s to spiritual icons of the 1970s emerging environmental movement." Safina's lovely account of his travels with researchers studying sperm whales reveals a majestic, closely knit community. Turning to scarlet macaws, every one of which knows its friends and avoids macaws that don't belong, the author wonders what happens to a social organism after a few thousand generations. In traditional evolution, new species appear when isolation (due to a river, mountain range, etc.) allows the changes of Darwinian natural selection to spread throughout one group but not others. Don't animal cultures produce a similar reproductive isolation? In fact, cultural selection, although controversial, may act as another engine of evolution. Our closest relatives, chimpanzees, share 98% of our genes as well as many cultural traits, especially a fractious social system in which macho males compete for leadership with more violence than seems reasonable. Most books on natural history include pleas for preservation of the wild, and Safina's is no exception. Sadly, none of his subjects are thriving, and few readers will doubt that these magnificent creatures need urgent attention.Enthralling accounts of three animals that lead complex social lives and deserve to continue living.

Kirkus Reviews (Fri Oct 04 00:00:00 CDT 2024)

Humans possess culture, but so do animals according to this compelling account of three nonhuman societies: sperm whales, scarlet macaws, and chimpanzees.Nature writer, activist, TV host, and founder of the Safina Center, the author notes that animals learn from their elders how to fit in, communicate, search for food, and identify friends and strangers. This is culture, and it's not inherited. "An individual receives genes only from its parents," writes the author, "but can receive culture from anyone and everyone in the social group…and because culture improves survival, culture can lead where genes must follow and adapt." During the 1950s, Navy personnel listening for Russian submarines were astonished to hear elaborate, beautiful songs that turned out to come from whales. As a result of the bestselling recording, "whales went from being ingredients of margarine in the 1960s to spiritual icons of the 1970s emerging environmental movement." Safina's lovely account of his travels with researchers studying sperm whales reveals a majestic, closely knit community. Turning to scarlet macaws, every one of which knows its friends and avoids macaws that don't belong, the author wonders what happens to a social organism after a few thousand generations. In traditional evolution, new species appear when isolation (due to a river, mountain range, etc.) allows the changes of Darwinian natural selection to spread throughout one group but not others. Don't animal cultures produce a similar reproductive isolation? In fact, cultural selection, although controversial, may act as another engine of evolution. Our closest relatives, chimpanzees, share 98% of our genes as well as many cultural traits, especially a fractious social system in which macho males compete for leadership with more violence than seems reasonable. Most books on natural history include pleas for preservation of the wild, and Safina's is no exception. Sadly, none of his subjects are thriving, and few readers will doubt that these magnificent creatures need urgent attention.Enthralling accounts of three animals that lead complex social lives and deserve to continue living.

Publishers Weekly (Fri Oct 06 00:00:00 CDT 2023)

Safina (Beyond Words), a science writer, proposes in his eloquent treatise that numerous species throughout the animal kingdom form complex societies in their interactions with each other. He focuses on three: sperm whales in the Caribbean, scarlet macaws in the Peruvian Amazon, and chimpanzees in Uganda. Having spent weeks in the field with researchers studying each species, he has plenty of examples of how culture, as well as biology, shape behavior. Sperm whales worldwide, for example, are -basically one genetic -stock,--- yet individual groups each manifest their own distinctive sonar clicks to communicate. He constantly demonstrates nonhuman animals- capacity for activities often assumed to be solely the domain of Homo sapiens. While it-s well-known that many animals learn by observation, Safina points out examples of those that can actually teach complicated tasks-for instance, female chimps correcting their offspring-s nut-opening technique. The text, written in an accessible style, is rich in similarly fascinating zoological tidbits. This revelatory work sheds as much light on what it means to be human as it does on the nature of other species. (Apr.)